The threat of war, and especially nuclear war, will place or induce stress and trauma in many, including civilians.

This is so even when they are not in the war zone or under direct threat.

The quickest way to resolve this is (would be) to resolve the threat (make it disappear).

This website's proposal can potentially resolve stress and avoid trauma from (ivestment of) 5,000 euros.

It could very well save your life, that of your family and your peers, and also give you a return on the 5,000 euros invested.

Although this site's proposal needs a little more to make this happen (at some point you need to travel to your newest safe haven and paradise).

even without imediate or short term traveling it is a first and it certainly is the most important step, and we assume that for many this first step could solve and or prevent the problem (stress and trauma).

While the proposal in this site needs a bit more to make this happen (you need to travel to you newest safehaven and paradis), even without traveling it is a first and most important step and we assume that for many this first step could solve the (acute and future) stress and avoid or cure trauma for you, your family and peers.

THE MENTAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF WAR: BACKED BY SCIENCE

The Mental Health Effects of War: Backed by Science | University of Utah Health 

...

events in Ukraine are being broadcast live not only through traditional news outlets but on apps like Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok at a rate never seen before.
Violent images and videos are spreading like wildfire.
Some videos tagged with #UkraineWar have been seen 600 million times in just a few days.
These images, videos, and audio clips can be triggering for everyone and have an immense psychological impact.

There have always been troublesome global conflicts.
Still, with the recent civil unrest in Syria, instability in Iraq, conflicts in other countries, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the invasion in Ukraine is another on the already lengthy list of traumatic events that can negatively affect our mental health.

"The long-term effects of trauma are significant," says Steve Sugden, MD, a colonel in the US Army Reserves and a psychiatrist at Huntsman Mental Health Institute (HMHI).
Sugden knows first-hand what it is like to be on the battlefield and is a medical expert on how trauma can affect our mental health.
Sugden suggests that there are some common mental health consequences of war and that those viewing traumatic content are also at risk.

"Civilians, soldiers, and those consuming the war through social media can develop the typical psychological profile of trauma."

Steve Sugden, MD, HMHI

How War Affects Our Mental Health

The World Health Organization (WHO) has stated that in situations of armed conflict, "Around 10 percent of the people who experience traumatic events will have serious mental health problems, and another 10 percent will develop behavior that will hinder their ability to function effectively."
Depression, anxiety, and psychosomatic problems such as insomnia are the most common effects. Sugden focuses on three populations susceptible to negative mental health consequences:

• Civilians within the targeted homeland

• The soldiers on both sides of the conflict

• Those consuming the images, videos, and audio of the war through social media apps, television, radio, and the web

"Surprisingly, the civilians within the conflict tend to be the group with the least amount of psychological trauma—yet it still can be significant," says Sugden. L

Less trauma may be the result of civilians' ability to talk immediately with their social network and process their emotions, which helps to build resilience.

intermezzo or note of this site:

having realisted a total or partial solution like proposed in this site would have this effect and the effect would be sustained

end of intermezzo.

The long-term effects of trauma on soldiers are significant.
"We have seen increases in homelessness among the US veteran population, and this group has the highest suicide rate compared to any other population," says Sugden.
Soldiers worldwide are in the position to be exposed to traumatic events, and with traumatic exposure comes higher overall medical complications, dysfunction within families, unemployment, substance use, and more.

"But all three groups, including civilians, can develop the typical psychological profile of trauma.
Equally important, all three groups can develop mistrust, suspicion, and a sense of hopelessness when it comes to conflict close to home or far away," explains Sugden.

"Studies have shown that consumers of a war via television, social media, or other forms of media can be just as impacted as the actual individuals within the conflict."

...

Do civilians suffer the most in war?

Casualties usually refer to both dead and injured. In some calculations, deaths resulting from famine and epidemics are included. Starting in the 1980s, it has often been claimed that 90 percent of the victims of modern wars are civilians, repeated in academic publications as recently as 2014.

Civilian casualty ratio - Wikipedia

In armed conflicts, the civilian casualty ratio (also civilian death ratio, civilian-combatant ratio, etc.) is the ratio of civilian casualties to combatant casualties, or total casualties. The measurement can apply either to casualties inflicted by or to a particular belligerent, casualties inflicted in one aspect or arena of a conflict or to casualties in the conflict as a whole. Casualties usually refer to both dead and injured. In some calculations, deaths resulting from famine and epidemics are included.

Starting in the 1980s, it has often been claimed that 90 percent of the victims of modern wars are civilians,[1][2][3][4] repeated in academic publications as recently as 2014.[5] These claims, though widely believed, are not supported by detailed examination of the evidence, particularly that relating to wars (such as those in former Yugoslavia and in Afghanistan) that are central to the claims.[6] Some of the citations can be traced back to a 1991 monograph from Uppsala University[7] which includes refugees and internally displaced persons as casualties. Other authors cite Ruth Leger Sivard's 1991 monograph in which the author states "In the decade of the 1980s, the proportion of civilian deaths jumped to 74 percent of the total and in 1990 it appears to have been close to 90 percent."[8]

A wide-ranging study of civilian war deaths from 1700 to 1987 by William Eckhardt states:

On the average, half of the deaths caused by war happened to civilians, only some of whom were killed by famine associated with war...The civilian percentage share of war-related deaths remained at about 50% from century to century. (p. 97)[9]

Civilian casualty ratio - Wikipedia 

"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civilian_casualty_ratio#:~:text=Casualties%20usually%20refer%20to%20both,publications%20as%20recently%20as%202014"

Mental Health Aspects of Prolonged Combat Stress in Civilians

National Center for PTSD (.gov)

https://www.ptsd.va.gov › specific › combat_stress_civilian

by J Hamblen · Cited by 9 — Particularly horrific stressors experienced by some civilians during war include torture, beatings, rape, forced labor, witnessing sexual abuse ...

www.ptsd.va.gov  ("https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/specific/combat_stress_civilian.asp")

Mental Health Aspects of Prolonged Combat Stress in Civilians

Jessica Hamblen, PhD and Paula Schnurr, PhD

Following the events of September 11 (th), America braced itself for a war against terrorism. Americans have been told by the government on several occasions to be on alert for future attacks and have experienced widespread fear from unknown sources of Anthrax. Several weeks after the terrorist attack, America went to war against Afghanistan. With the onset of the war came the fear of retaliation. These events are different from single-incident disasters because Americans report ongoing fear.

What Types of Traumatic Events Do Civilians Experience During War?

Typically when we think about being exposed to traumatic events during a war, we think about what soldiers experience (e.g., being fired upon, becoming a prisoner of war, sustaining an injury, or witnessing serious injury or death). However, civilians who are not directly involved in the war effort are also frequently confronted with war-related stressors. Some typical civilian stressors include life threat; being bombed, shot at, threatened, or displaced; being confined to one's home; losing a loved one or family member; suffering from financial hardships; and having restricted access to resources such as food, water, and other supplies. Particularly horrific stressors experienced by some civilians during war include torture, beatings, rape, forced labor, witnessing sexual abuse of or violence toward a family member, and mock execution.

In This Article

What are the long-term effects for civilians exposed to war stress?

What are the long-term effects for civilians exposed to war stress?

Is exposure to war stressors associated with physical health problems in civilians?

How do children respond to prolonged stress?

Conclusion

References

What Are the Effects of War-Zone Stressors on Civilians?

Most of the research on the effects of war on civilians has been conducted on refugee samples and people who were displaced as a result of war. Compared to other war-exposed civilians, these individuals' experiences may be more traumatic not only because of the situations that led to their exile but also because of stressors experienced in refugee camps and during the process of resettlement. In general, refugees exhibit high rates of PTSD and depression as well as other psychiatric problems, particularly if they were tortured (1). For example, in a survey of Bosnians from a refugee camp in Croatia who experienced on average more than six traumatic events, approximately one third had depression and one quarter had PTSD. Twenty percent met criteria for both disorders. Refugees with both depression and PTSD were five times more likely to report being physically disabled than refugees with no psychiatric symptoms (2).

PTSD and other problems are prevalent in nonrefugee samples as well. An article in a 2001 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association reported on PTSD in survivors of war or mass violence in four low-income countries (3). Rates of PTSD were 37.4% in Algeria, 28.4% in Cambodia, 17.8% in Gaza, and 15.8% in Ethiopia. These rates are considerably higher than the U.S. rate of 8% (4). One suggested explanation for the significantly higher rate in Algeria is that the terrorist attacks were still ongoing when PTSD was assessed. Overall, several risk factors for PTSD were identified, including torture and the experience of trauma after the age of 12.

Results from studies of refugees and impoverished countries may be difficult to generalize to Western cultures. However, findings from more industrialized settings such as Israel and Beirut may be more relevant to American civilians. Studies from the Gulf War suggest that, during the early weeks of the war, there was a marked rise in stress for people of all ages. However, the stress level dropped off within a few weeks (5).
For example, data were collected on all casualties that arrived in the emergency departments of 12 local hospitals after actual missile attacks and false alarms. Almost 75% of admissions were for stress reactions or unjustified atropine injections.
The highest number of psychological casualties occurred during the first two missile attacks, after which the numbers declined (6). Another study found that while approximately half of the participants in a study sample reported sleep problems during the war, there was significant improvement 30 days after the war ended (7). Similar results were found in a study following the 1982 Lebanon-Israel war.
Almost 12,000 Israelis (civilians?) were interviewed regarding their mood on eleven different occasions between 1979 and 1984.
Outbreak of war coincided with an increase in depression. Incidence of depressed moods peaked at the time of the Palestinian massacre at the refugee camps, and then it dropped below baseline even though conflict continued. Thus, many civilians respond to prolonged war with various stress symptoms, but as time passes people seem to recover and stress levels return to normal.

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What Are the Long-Term Effects for Civilians Exposed to War Stress?

Although most civilians who are exposed to war stress will not develop long-term mental-health problems, some will, particularly if they have been exposed to severe stressors. Much research on this topic has been conducted with Holocaust survivors. In a study of 124 Jewish Holocaust survivors, 46% met criteria for PTSD. In a community sample of Israelis age 75 and older, 27% of male and 18% of female Holocaust survivors met criteria for PTSD as compared to 4% percent of males and 8% of females who did not experience the Holocaust (8). These statistics make it clear that PTSD symptoms will persist throughout Holocaust survivors' lifetimes. Similarly, data from a long-term follow-up study of civilians in Holland 50 years after World War II indicate that 4% of the population exposed to a war related event have PTSD. Only 1.5% of nonexposed individuals in this same category have PTSD (9).

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Is Exposure to War Stressors Associated with Physical Health Problems in Civilians?

There is accumulating evidence that PTSD is associated with long-term physical health problems. In terms of research on civilians exposed to war, there is evidence from an epidemiological study of civilians in Beirut that exposure to war events is associated with higher mortality rates. Men exposed to five or more traumas were more than twice as likely to die sooner than non-exposed men while women exposed to five or more traumas were almost three and a half times as likely to die earlier than non-exposed women (10). In a previous study on heart disease and wartime stressors, it was found that people with heart disease were five times more likely to have crossed the "green-line" (demarcation lines that divide the capital of Beirut into two sectors and separate the belligerent parties) than patients without heart disease. This suggests that there is a relationship between heart disease and wartime stress (11). There is also evidence that war may affect the immune system, as evidenced by a sample of displaced women from Croatia who had altered psychological, hormonal, and immunological activity (12).

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How Do Children Respond to Prolonged Stress?

Most research on the effects of prolonged stress on civilians has been carried out on adult samples. The literature suggests that children are also affected but that the majority will not suffer from long-term consequences. For example, following the period of SCUD missile attacks in Israel during the Gulf War, children ages 10-15 were asked to describe what they thought life would be like for children their age next year. Their dominant perception was positive (73%), although children who reported greater postwar reactions held more pessimistic views (13). Several months after the war, children ages 10-15 reported that they were more concerned about traffic accidents, relations with friends, and their studies than about missile attacks (14). A one-year follow-up of children showed that high school students from high-risk areas reported no war symptoms except sensitivity to loud noises, which was reported by about one out of five children (15). As is the case with adults, children living in refugee camps experienced more psychological problems than nonrefugee children (16).

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Conclusion

This review provides a description of how civilians respond to prolonged stress. The hope is that this information might help clinicians predict how U.S. and other civilians may be affected by ongoing war. However, there does not exist a sufficient body of research regarding events that resemble the present situation. Therefore, in addition to research on the Gulf War, research on refugees and low-income countries was reviewed. The literature on children was reviewed separately.

Overall, although many civilians may be affected in the short run, it is expected that in the long-term most people will not be severely affected. Studies of both children and adults following the Gulf War indicate that stress levels returned to normal shortly after the end of the war. A consistent finding is that people who experience more extreme stress will display more severe symptoms than those who experience less intense exposure or only a threat of violence. Therefore, civilians who directly experience or witness terrorist attacks, or who had a close friend or family member killed, will likely exhibit more extreme stress responses. And, for this subset of civilians, their reactions may be intense and long lasting.

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